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The history of Speyer begins with the establishment of a Roman camp in 10 BCE, making it one of Germany's oldest cities. Its name evolved from Spira, first mentioned in 614. As of 1294 a Free Imperial City, the town became renowned for its Romanesque cathedral, its vibrant Jewish community, its seat of the Imperial Chamber Court, for 50 diets that took place within its walls, most notably 1526 and 1529, and last but not least, for the Protestation at Speyer. For several centuries from the middle ages into the early modern period, Speyer was one of the main centres of gravity of the Holy Roman Empire. ==Timeline== *In 10 BC, the first Roman military camp is established (situated between the old town hall and the episcopal palace). *In 150, the town appears as Noviomagus on the world map of the Greek Ptolemaios *In 346, a bishop for the town is mentioned for the first time. *In 1030, emperor Conrad II starts the construction of Speyer Cathedral, today one of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites. *In 1076, emperor Henry IV embarks from Speyer, his favourite town, for Canossa. *In 1084, establishment of the first Jewish community in Speyer *In 1294, the bishop lost most of his previous rights, and from now on Speyer is a Free Imperial Town of the Holy Roman Empire. *In 1349, the Jewish community of Speyer is totally wiped out *Between 1527 and 1689, Speyer is the seat of the Imperial Chamber Court. *In 1526, at the Diet of Speyer (1526), interim toleration of Lutheran teaching and worship is decreed. *In 1529, at the Diet of Speyer (1529), the Lutheran states of the empire protested against the anti-Reformation resolutions (19 April 1529 Protestation at Speyer, hence the term Protestantism.) *In 1635, Marshal of France Urbain de Maillé-Bréze conquered Heidelberg also Speyer, together with Jacques-Nompar de Caumont, duc de la Force, at the head of the Army of Germany. *In 1689, the town was heavily damaged by French troops. *Between 1792 and 1814, Speyer was under French jurisdiction. *In 1816, Speyer became the seat of administration of the Palatinate and of the government of the Rhine District of Bavaria (later called the Bavarian Palatinate), and remained so until the end of World War II. *Between 1883 and 1904, the Memorial Church is built in remembrance of the Protestation of 1529. *In 1947, the State Academy of Administrative Science was founded (later renamed (German University of Administrative Sciences Speyer )). *In 1990, Speyer celebrated its 2000th anniversary. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of Speyer」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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